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廢墟大學

2005-09-21 03:58迴響:23點閱:13897

university in ruins.jpg

 

 

 

廢墟大學

2003/10/24

聯合報副刊

 

 

            教育部口袋裡的(2003年)大學排行榜中,某國立大學排名遠遠低於預期雙方之間釀生對峙:國立大學認為教育部的評鑑方式暴力,而教育部認為此評鑑法符合時勢(即,市場趨勢)。

其實兩方都沒說錯:大學評鑑方式以及校系排行榜都是暴力的,也都是時勢所趨的。評鑑方式無論如何改良都無法根除暴力(任何排名都不可能公平),但是時勢卻又一直要求審視排行榜(如,學生要依照排行榜填志願)。不過,我並不是要「合理化」時勢。我要指出的是,時勢向來是暴力的,我們不能期待時代巨輪變得不暴力,而必須思考如何在暴力的陰影下走出活路。

對人文學科的參與者而言,這次大學排名風波並不完全是意外。長久以來,人文學科的焦慮根本不是祕密人文學科一直有向社會証明自己「有用」的壓力。其他學科的大學畢業生比較容易被就業市場吸納,然而人文學科畢業生卻無法保証學以致用。研究所更是尷尬:人文學科研究生取得博士的年限比別人長,但是畢業後的收入硬是比別人少。左看右瞧,人文學科都不是划算的投資。

那麼,人文學科憑什麼在社會占有一席之地?醫學院和工學院對於社會的貢獻很容易想像,可是人文學科對於社會的貢獻是什麼?答案是,捍衛、傳承「文化」。文化在此其實是國家文化的簡稱;人文學科是本國文化和外國文化的博物館。社會要緊抓本國文化,吸納外國文化,所以人文學科便有了存在的名份。

昔日教育部和人文學科是親熱盟友,現在國家機器(教育部)和人文學科著名的國立大學竟然對彼此開炮──本是同根生,相煎何太急?問題出在「文化」的角色變質。以前國家機器和人文學科是由文化撮合在一起的,可是現在文化已經沒有辦法再將兩方送作堆了。

比爾.雷丁斯(Bill Readings)早在十年前就在《廢墟大學》(The University in Ruins)分析了美國和加拿大的人文學科危機。此書在當時轟動,甚至列入各文學系主任的必讀書單。雷丁斯指出,在全球化時代,國家要求商業競爭力,無暇關注文化;大學再也無法以文化討好國家,而身為文化博物館的人文學科也就更沒有存在的名份。既然國內外均向錢看齊,大學便丟下文化包袱,紛紛轉型為學店。人文學科身置廢墟大學中,文化聖殿已經龜裂。

人文學科並不該對血淋淋的事實視而不見,也不宜耽溺緬懷昔日空夢。人文學科不必也不能再巴望國家的關愛,不必也不能再當文化的博物館。在大學變得商品化的時刻,人文學科應該藉此機會調整體質,也應該繼續提醒眾人:生命之中除了商業化之外,仍有多種可能性。聖殿出現縫隙,可能反而更可以透氣,吸納更多的光。

上一篇:〔斷背山〕原著小說
下一篇:法西斯的蛋
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引用:http://blog.chinatimes.com/taweichi/archive/2005/09/21/17204.html
2005-09-21 03:58作者:紀大偉分類:作家部落格迴響:23點閱:13897

迴響與引用列表

re: 廢墟大學

續:2005-09-23 12:21 by LARA

留下一個未完成的敘述,心想著還是稍做補述(為了有始有終)

>>從中國書法筆勁略窺思想靈魂與文字美學.

因時間有限,介紹一本書做為參考:
"藝術欣賞與人生"---雄師圖書出版.

2005-10-09 09:10 賽西莉雅

re: 廢墟大學

感謝紀老師與比爾.雷丁斯老師這麼看重博物館
用博物館來作為文化的重要象徵
只可惜
台灣似乎不重視博物館這個舶來品
更可悲的是博物館人對自己的使命早已忘記
只能隨波逐流配合商業媒體辦理超級特展
在國家機器的要求下
公立博物館只在意爭取觀眾人數的成長和收入的增加
卻不問是否達到教育的目標
我想
在台灣的大學成為『廢墟大學』之前
台灣的博物館早已經成為
廢墟博物館
看到現在這種現象
身為博物館學研究所的學生
實在覺得可悲
謝謝紀老師與我們分享這篇文章

2005-09-24 17:04 博物館人

re: 廢墟大學

很慚愧的,發現疏失回來改

1. But again, I thank Da-Wei for offering this article,and ....
2. 《蘇東坡傳》

續說預告:
蘇軾的念奴嬌---赤壁懷古---親筆真跡,從中國書法筆勁略窺思想靈魂與
文字美學.

To: Yasser

想求教於您,現階段----
該如何令CSLS不同領域的專才協調合作?

Lara

2005-09-23 15:24 LARA

re: 廢墟大學

To: Dear Yasser & Da-Wei

It’s a good thing to have your point of view.

I am thrilled to hear that Yasser have run the CSLS for young man 10 years. But again, I want thanks Da-Wei for offering this article, and giving us a chance to discuss in this blog.

<<教育思想家 is needed for new education. New education needs the support from Enterprises, but not government. Now, I am looking for a senior 教育思想家 for that high school.>>

如您所言,礙於目前大環境,教育的新希望,寄望於企業界支援。問題是,自律與監督功能等,制度有待成熟發展,也是考驗。

約一百年前,英國教育界也曾對通才教育與專才教育,提出解說,論辯與憂心。這個問題,在大學時,我也曾深思過,選擇自己克服困難(受錢穆先生的啟發),以自學方式,依循著內心所熱情好奇的領域,橫跨自然科學與人文科學兩大領域。

而這一條路,是很難以形容的艱難困苦。相對的,卻也能獲得無以倫比的驚訝喜悅。

記得2001年?英國物理學家Stephen Hawking 接受CNN 全球現場直擊連線專訪,電視螢幕上出現他的電腦傳輸字幕---對Albert Einstein的
theory of relativity提出新看法。不巧,他的意見我看懂了關鍵部份,而且,與我的思考有一部份是相近相同,看著英文字幕一排排浮現,我感驚喜連連,好像聆聽到來自天堂的聖詠一樣。

相同的驚嘆喜悅,也發生在故宮博物院,多年前有一場特展。我站立在館藏的珍貴寶物---宋代大文豪蘇軾,親筆書寫的《念奴嬌---赤壁懷古》展示櫃前,心中默念著:「大江東去,浪濤盡、千古風流人物。….亂石崩雲,
驚濤裂岸,捲起千堆雪。江山如畫,一時多少英雄豪傑。……..故國神遊,多情應笑我,早生華髮。人生如夢,一尊還酹江月。」….請先參閱林語堂
先生對他的讚賞---千古風流人物《蘇東波坡傳》一書。還有….

(非常抱歉,我手上有一份工作正趕著,暫時收筆,改日再敘,懇請見諒!)

If I could do something for helping about CSLC in Taiwan, that would be my pleasure and honor. Have a nice weekend!

With warmest personal regards,

Lara

2005-09-23 12:21 LARA

re: 廢墟大學


To: WS

<< I could not agree more with you working several years in the industry of Taiwan and US.>>

That is fine. And Thanks for your not agree. Not agree creates the room for us to change the thought.


<<.... doubt where the customers of serious literature/humanity science are, beside of the college students or academics??!>>

Customers, by my experiences, will not actively raise the CSLS interest when you meet them for the commercial business. But if you go into their guest room by making friends more than by dealing with an order, something is really differents. And due to your thoughts on CSLS, the commercial business become so easy. That is a stage for you to show your inner strength. I talked the literature science development or history with European customers, quickly I got business. I talked Chinese history in China, I also earned the business and respection. So, when you are silent on CSLS, customers will be silent. Silent does not mean they don't concern.


<<.... contradiction.... introversive..... extroversive.....deep.... instant.....quiet....sensational.....>>

Very good point!! first of all, it is not contradiction but complementary. Extroversive is violin. Introversive is tone. Violin and tone do not contradict to each other.

<< As theoretical mathematics/physics in college, only small group of people can really get into the main entry; so are these people excluded, serious than ever, far from the modern commercial society.>>

Share with you by other view as follow. Math and Physics are the two very foundamental philosophies in the human history. It is the base of CSLS. if you read the history of math and physics, you will see so deep and so wide of CSLS in it. Math and physics is not so difficult, but most of teachers only teach the principle and theory, NOT HISTORY. If our students can learn the history of those two, that will be different stories. This is an un-balance on teaching. If you have chance to read the development history of any science, I believe you will forget to eat, forget to sleep and forget the clock; but the passion will immediately be up and up. if you think a little bit deep, trust me, you will find a shining life in front of you and in your deep heart.

Thank you again for your comment!!

2005-09-22 13:15 Yasser

re: 廢墟大學


To: LARA & Da-Wei

Thanks for your reponse !!

Yesterday afternoon, a gentleman (Mr. C) visited me. He is the Chairman and President of a company located in Hsinchu Science Based Industrial Park in Taiwan. The company is making wireless products for mobile phone or for the future 3G wireless communication.

In the beginning, he tried to ask me some of technical problems about the industry. But gradually and gradually, the conversation switched to the development of right and left brains of our people in Taiwan. He is angry about his employees not able to be independent on thinking, planning and action (the employees he pointed out were graduated from the top 4 universities of Taiwan), but just following his instructions. He is happy about some employees graduated from the Arts institutes in Taiwan. Reason is the later employees are able to view the commercial behaviors from the CSLS points of view. More happy is those CSLS based employees brought/bring major business revenue/profit for the company. Mr. C got a degree (MS? PhD?) in Mechanical Engineering from a university in New York, about 10 years ago.

Mr. C asked me what I will expect my son to do in the future? Instead of answering to him immediately, I told him a true story of mine.

12 years ago, I was running a company making high-tech products. By the pressure on making money from my shareholders, I realized I need few advisors to give me suggestion to face and to overcome the pressure. After months headache, I invited 4 gentleman to help. Those 4 are economist, social scientiest, dancer, and psychologist. I paid them and asked them give me a clear answer that " What the society and human behaviors will change after 5 years from now?". One year later, they gave me answers. By those answers, I defined my product lines for the future and asked those electrical, mechanical and electronics engineers (MS and PhD) started the R&D. Two more years later, all product lines were ready and got patents. At the fifth year, all my product lines were in high and high profit. Of course, all shareholders were happy because of making good and much money. People in the same industry asked me how I did it? I said to them, you are not able to copy my doing. After I left that company, the new management removed the way I did. Now, the company were trapped in the muddy for 6 years and still not able to see the new route.

What I like to pint out is not my credit or my vision, but the capability on future peojcting from those CSLS experts, selected.

Because of my experience on the successful for business by those CSLS view, I jointed another group people to run a junior and senior high school in Taiwan 5 years ago. The school has been 10 years. Most of the graduated students entered into universities and colleges in Taiwan and other countries. And most of them are studying CSLS, mathematics and physics. My son is in social-phsycology major now. He was three times the head of students management forum in that high school. And I expect my son to be a global man instead of just a Chineseman/Taiwanesman. Most of parents are knowledgeable persons and realize the existing education system is not able to develop young man for the new centry.

To all readers, we have run the CSLS for young man 10 years and keep offering deeper development for our young kids.

教育思想家 is needed for new education. New education needs the support from Enterprises, but not government. Now, I am looking for a senior 教育思想家 for that high school.

Thanks for your patient. And give me any comment. Thank you!!


Best regards,

Yasser


2005-09-22 12:03 Yasser

re: 廢墟大學

教育部的評鑑方法,並不是根據這個學校或科系對社會的貢獻──無論這裡指的是金錢、經濟、還是美、文化傳承等等的貢獻。教育部的評鑑裡,最主要的是該校教師的研究發表成果。發表的篇數較多,評鑑分數較高。由於人文社會科學的文章產量本就叫理工醫學來得低 ──這可以從比較Harvard的經濟歷史等系的文章產量,和該校其它理工科系的文章產量即可知道;這些系在他們各自的領域中都是佼佼者──也因此某些以人文社會為主的大學,在教育部的評鑑中就比較吃虧。

紀先生對於大學人文教育的省思與焦慮固然有理,但和文章一開始引用的教育部評鑑事件,應是沒有什麼關係。

2005-09-22 11:52 my 看法

re: 廢墟大學----誤會了?

紀先生:

我相信我還不至於誤會您的意思。事實上, 您提出社會評斷人文學科,因其對公司的產值貢獻較小, 所以人的價值被低估了, 您認為這是社會的「暴力」 (或者, 更明確地說,這是當權者的「暴力」。)學術的社會價值繫於評鑑的本質「暴力」,而社會商業化或唯錢是問,是暴力的結果。這是很有原創性的說法。

只是,您提到解決問題的方法,是「捍衛文化」,第一樓的先生覺得不夠具體, 問「用什麼方法呢?」於是我替您捉刀,提出解決「暴力」的三個途徑, 說穿了就是要改變評鑑的標準,不以人對「錢」的貢獻大小為評斷,而應改以暴力的其他面向, 如「美」、「愛」、「關懷弱勢」為標準, 則人文學科可以困境不再。我只是借你的文章,澆我胸中塊壘:如果「美」、「愛」、「關懷」可以(應該?)成為暴力的內涵, 我們就不必哀嘆人文學科的聖殿是否日漸褪色,反而 要歌頌「可愛的暴力」!

大家在說「我愛金錢」之後, 如果不忘了也加上一句「我也愛真、善、美」,會使這個世界從今天起因此而略有不同,因為評鑑的標準改變了。

2005-09-22 08:00 老語

re: 廢墟大學


reack points out a serious problem in Taiwan's universities: closed enviroments. Let's examine how many faculty members in the same deparment graduated from the same school. It is a not a good presentation of a department.

Students pay too much attention to the name of the department not to its faculty, research, and curriculum. Many departments like to use "buzz words" in their names without updating their curricula and hire new faculty.

Departments in the humanities field are not out-of-date. Many American researchers are applying new technologues for their research.

By the way, "the humanities" may be a better term to use.

(humanities) learning or literature concerned with human culture, from askoxford.com

2005-09-22 06:09 A Taiwaness Guy in the US

re: 廢墟大學

另一個想法
人文原本就是與人最貼近的 比很多自然與應用科學都近
但是為什麼這麼與人接近的學域會沒落?
這是真正值得思考的
當文化變成博物館 也就宣告了他的死亡 和大眾脫節
所以與其"捍衛文化" 不如想辦法讓大家體驗那些文化
有了這些 才能擺脫象牙塔的窠臼印象

那些捍衛的工作當然要做
但是只有當人們確實了解其價值 這樣的工作才更有意義 也能更順利進行
不要捨本逐末 捍衛了一堆其實是自己有興趣的東西
卻責怪大眾或社會不予支持

2005-09-22 04:00 反想

re: 廢墟大學

或許應該換個方向想
先不要說私校 從國立學校來想
這些學校拿了國人繳的稅 所以人民有權知道他們在做什麼 並分享成果
現在的學校已經不能像象牙塔 關起門來埋頭苦幹
說包裝也好 說媚眾也行 但是卻是應該要做的
人文學院或許應該告訴我們國人 你們做了麼
不要用艱深抽象的語文 就向法庭上一般人聽不懂法律文字沒興趣一樣
說帖要和生活結合 文化本來就是生活
如果做不到 也怨不得出錢的人民老闆
所有的學院都一樣

2005-09-21 23:54 反想

re: 廢墟大學

紀先生是以人對「錢」貢獻的多寡(即「時勢」也),來論斷人文社會畢業生的貢獻的。


===

網友,
不好意思!
您誤解我的意見了.
我並沒有支持您說的看法.
我反而反對這種看法.

請看我的文章
以黃色強調的部分
就可以知道我的立場了
(以及我的焦慮了) :)

2005-09-21 21:36 紀大偉

re: 廢墟大學----改變「貢獻」的標準

紀先生是以人對「錢」貢獻的多寡(即「時勢」也),來論斷人文社會畢業生的貢獻的。所以, 下一步應該不難 :改變「貢獻」的標準。例如, 工作上, 我們的產出不以「新台幣」為標準,而以「美」啦,「愛」啦,「關懷弱勢」啦為標準,則人文社會者會立刻發光。

其次是改變公司行號的領導人。只要他們認同美、愛、關懷才是永遠的,並依貢獻大小逐一調整「錢」,下面的人焉有不從?我看哲學系、歷史系明年大學聯考要擠爆了。國科會有權力的人, 如果說「你從無SSCI論文, 但過去十年你有一篇短文很有見地, 應獲年度最佳研究獎。」瞧瞧那個中文系的教授會去為SSCI論文擠破頭!

如果還不行, 第三個方法絕對有效:關掉所有的人文社會系所, 把音樂廳、博物館統統改成工廠。

2005-09-21 21:13 老語

re: 廢墟大學

Re:Dear Yasser

It’s a pleasure to meet you here.

>>[How to make CSLS be alive? I agree with the fact that it is a long long way to go. If those people,
who holds the key to define the contribution, have more learning or more involving on CSLS, then it
may be a good starting step.]

It sounds good. Merci beaucoup.

>>Please give me rational comments in all ways, Thanks

我很樂意回應您的寶貴意見。

感謝您指引出CSLS這個大關鍵。我深思之後,發現CSLS涉及的範圍,比字面意義還要深廣;深度----觸及到歷史的層面,廣度----涵蓋了尚未明說的個人信仰問題。

因而,個人的情感認同問題,以及溝通的基礎工具—知識論系統選擇問題,在這些因素中,往往會出現非理性的爭論意見。

但從另一個角度切入,是不是也可以簡化成日常生活,經濟活動,與全球概略趨勢?

為因應這個問題,以下是我初步的重點設想,願再聆聽您的指教:

《掌握大原則》

A 驅策----連動效應
B 有效運用----潛移默化機能
C 提出相關性產業----同步升級的策略

《提供技術性協助》

1.精確使用統計數字----解析深度與廣度----避免被不良的統計數字誤導。
2.強化因應變局的心理建設----為調整企業與大環境升級做準備。
3.增強總體(SCLS)的耐力、韌性,以適應陣痛期。
4.何謂相關性產業?保持開放的、可能性的異動空間,也保持緩急輕重的
 調節性空間。

>>[As long as people realize CSLS can make money for company, then CSLS will be revived. Money is so practical, so useful and so influencial. (Don't criticize I love money) ]

I would like to say:Thanks for your opinion in reality!

Yours truly,

Lara

2005-09-21 17:28 LARA

re: 廢墟大學

Re:大偉

也謝謝您提出這個問題!是的,這是一條長遠的路….

2005-09-21 17:19 LARA

re: 廢墟大學

敝人覺得, 現在台灣的高等教育存在更嚴重的問題. 而這個問題是由以下兩個因素所造成: 1. 家長以及顧主過於種視學歷. 注意重視的是學歷, 而不是學習的過程. 2. 學術界派閥割據.

以第一點而言, 我想大概大家都有經驗. 一般人在談到大學時, 也許會被問到是唸那個學校, 深入一點的, 也許再問是唸那個系所. 但真正在學校學習些什麼, 恐怕沒有什麼人關心吧. 舉個實例, 敝人在某資訊外商工作過一段時間. 常常面對由台清交等一流學府來應徵的新人. 其中有很多像森林系, 中文系, 會計系等相對較冷門科系的學生也來應徵. 基於好奇詢問他們唸的科系與所找的工作落差似乎滿大的. 他們共同的回答是, 能夠頂著台清交的光環出校門即可, 至於唸什麼, 不重要. 我相信現在的學生在選塡志願時, 恐怕大部份還是以學校名聲為主, 會真正以興趣為導向的, 恐怕不多吧.

第二點就比較嚴肅了. 因為中國人相信當老師的必然有比較高的道德標準, 所以通常在學校內, 老教授在運用經費時, 幾乎可以說是有無限的可能. 其中, 有許多事情都是可以確定為不合法的. 同樣的事情若發生在公機關, 一定會在新聞版面在佔上好幾天. 舉例來說, 幾乎每個學校, 都有許多電腦是以耗材的名義購進, 用這個方法來避免登記財產的麻煩. 更有甚者, 有的教授還用學校的經費為自己的家添購家俱. 舉例來說, 有一所以工科見長的國立大學的院長級人物就利用專案經費為自己添購了平面電視以及按摩椅等. 這些納稅人的血汗錢就這麼被這些忝不知恥的教書匠給糟踏了. 不過, 限於教授握有學生畢業與否的生殺大權, 熟知內情的部份學生, 大部份是因為事不關己, 而不作任何反應. 而少數有良知的, 更因為怕自己不能畢業而不敢得罪老師.

台灣的高教界, 若不根除這兩個問題, 恐怕幾年要進入世界前幾大云云, 終就只會是個政治口號罷了.

2005-09-21 15:17 reack

re: 廢墟大學

Yasser, I could not agree more with you working several years in the industry of Taiwan and US.

When most of the people, 30-50, are suck into the swirl of chasing after wealth, full time/energy, in professional life, sink or swim, I always doubt where the customers of serious literature/humanity science are, beside of the college students or academics??!

There may be some fundamental contradiction of the essence in CSLS and commercialism (C). CSLS is introversive, C is extroversive; CSLS is deep, C is instant; CSLS is quiet, C is sensational.....

As theoretical mathematics/physics in college, only small group of people can really get into the main entry; so are these people excluded, serious than ever, far from the modern commercial society.

My shallow view.

2005-09-21 14:58 ws

re: 廢墟大學

我就是那個評鑑很爛的某國立大學畢業的說。喔耶。

2005-09-21 14:05 lyreley

re: 廢墟大學

人文學科是很難用商業化的經濟效益去評鑑.如果硬要用畢業生的薪水和實質貢獻來作標準.實在不公平.無可否認,現代人大都追求快速經濟效益.好像美式快餐店那種規則式服務.現在的'廢墟大學',也應該像生產線的方式去'教育'學生.即依照指定的方式來達到指定的標準和評級.

2005-09-21 12:11 K.C.LEE

re: 廢墟大學


Taiwan's higher education system should be reviewed carefully. What is the foundation of the system? Universities must provide things what students are looking for and guide students to find what they can go after.


Universities in the U.S. and U.K. are reviewed by different agencies every year. European universities are doing the same thing now to keep up with their peers in the two countries. Yes, it is very stressful for university administrators and faculty members but it is necessary.

One important piece is missing in this article: all departments and colleges should consistently review their curricula. It does not matter which academic field.

China Times once a while translates articles from The Chronicle of Higher Education (http://www.chronicle.com). It should be done more often and systematic. By the way, please do not add any comments to the Chinese version. It is very annoying. The publication is a good resource for universities in Taiwan. Universities in Taiwan should know what is happening in American universities and colleges. However, I am not suggesting to "Americanize" universities in Taiwan.

Know what is happening around the world! Read more and then do something.

2005-09-21 12:10 A Taiwaness guy in the US
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